Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a major depressive disorder characterized by symptoms of depression that follow a seasonal schedule. Commonly referred to as “the winter blues,” SAD affects millions around the world during the winter months. While less common, it is also possible to experience SAD in the summer. SAD can vary in severity, disrupting daily work and social interactions for people with otherwise balanced lives.
Symptoms of winter SAD include weight gain, changes in appetite, oversleeping, feeling depressed, and losing interest in activities you used to enjoy. It is very normal to feel down occasionally, but if your symptoms occur daily for weeks or months during the winter, you may be experiencing SAD. In severe cases, SAD can contribute to suicidal thoughts and feelings of hopelessness. It is therefore essential to seek advice early if you believe you are suffering from SAD.
Researchers believe that imbalances in serotonin and melatonin may explain why SAD occurs for many people. Both hormones help regulate our circadian rhythm, the natural waking/sleeping rhythm we follow each day. During the winter months, many places around the world experience shorter days and longer nights. Adjusting to this change can create imbalances for some people.
In addition, some researchers believe that decreased levels of vitamin D, stemming from reduced exposure to sunlight during the winter months, can contribute to SAD. Vitamin D is known to help regulate mood, and we naturally produce vitamin D when sunlight touches our skin. SAD is more common in places farther away from the equator, where populations experience more significant daylight variability between the seasons. SAD is more common among women and is reported most often in January and February.
Symptoms of SAD can grow worse over time, so it is essential to talk to your doctor if you suspect you suffer from SAD. Your doctor may advise that you explore one of the following treatment options:
In addition to the treatments your doctor suggests, there are a few lifestyle changes you can make to overcome SAD:
This content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.