Managing PTSD

What is PTSD?

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that can develop after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event, or repeated trauma. PTSD can affect how a person thinks, feels, and reacts, and it may influence both emotional and physical well-being.

Experiencing trauma does not automatically lead to PTSD. Many people recover with time and support, while others may develop symptoms that last longer and interfere with daily life.

What can cause PTSD?

PTSD can be associated with many types of trauma, including:

• Major accidents

• Natural disasters

• War, combat, or acts of terrorism

• Sexual assault or abuse

• Severe bullying

• Physical violence

Trauma can happen once or repeatedly over time. What matters most is how the experience affects the individual, not whether others perceive the event as traumatic.

Who can be affected by PTSD?

PTSD can affect anyone who has lived through trauma. While it is often discussed in the context of military service, PTSD can develop after many different life experiences.

Research shows that some populations experience PTSD more often due to higher exposure to trauma and challenges accessing care. Regardless of background or life circumstances, PTSD is a recognized medical condition that deserves understanding and support.

What are the symptoms of PTSD?

PTSD symptoms can vary from person to person. Some people notice symptoms soon after trauma, while others may not experience them until months or years later.

Common symptoms may include:

Re-experiencing symptoms

• Flashbacks or intrusive memories

• Nightmares related to the trauma

Avoidance

• Difficulty talking about the traumatic event

• Avoiding places, people, or situations that are reminders

Changes in mood or thinking

• Guilt, shame, or negative self-beliefs

• Depression or loss of interest in activities

• Feeling emotionally numb or disconnected

Changes in alertness or reactions

• Trouble sleeping

• Irritability or anger

• Feeling “on edge” or easily startled

• Difficulty concentrating

These symptoms can be emotionally and physically exhausting. They may also make it harder to manage other health conditions, such as blood pressure, blood sugar, or heart health.

Is PTSD treatable?

Yes. PTSD is a serious condition, but it is also treatable. With the right support, many people are able to reduce symptoms and improve their quality of life.

How can PTSD be managed?

Treatment plans are individualized, but common approaches may include one or more of the following:

Therapy

Working with a licensed mental health professional is a cornerstone of PTSD treatment. Evidence-based therapies, such as trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy and cognitive processing therapy, are commonly used to help people process trauma and develop coping strategies.

Medication

Some medications, including certain antidepressants, may be prescribed to help manage PTSD symptoms. Medication decisions should always be made in partnership with a healthcare provider.

Mindfulness and Meditation

Mindfulness practices can help some people manage distressing thoughts and calm the body’s stress response. Techniques may include breathing exercises, guided meditation, or gentle awareness practices.

Movement-Based Practices

Gentle physical activities, such as yoga or stretching, may help relieve stress and reconnect the mind and body.

Complementary Approaches

Some people find additional support from complementary therapies, such as acupuncture or animal-assisted activities. These approaches are generally used alongside, not in place of, professional medical or mental health care.

Finding support

If you think you may be experiencing PTSD, talk with a healthcare provider or mental health professional. A trained professional can provide an accurate diagnosis and help create a treatment plan that fits your needs.

Support from friends and family can also play an important role. You may ask loved ones for patience, encouragement, or help staying on track with your care. Seeking support is a sign of strength, not weakness.

Sources

• National Institute of Mental Health. Post-traumatic stress disorder. Accessed July 12, 2025.

• MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine. Post-traumatic stress disorder. Accessed July 12, 2025.

• American Psychiatric Association. What is posttraumatic stress disorder? Accessed July 12, 2025.

• U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. PTSD treatment basics. Accessed July 12, 2025.